Of the 2 billion individuals infected by hepatitis b virus hbv, over 350 million are chronically infected, 1 with chronic infection manifested by persistence of the virus and hbv surface antigen hbsag in serum and production of viral antigens and hbv dna in the liver. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in delhi springerlink. The term chronic viral hepatitis cvh encompasses three components. Protein diberikan dengan jumlah 1 gkg bb dan kalori sebanyak 20003000 kkalhari. If you had hepatitis c you wouldnt be able to tell. Introduction to chronic hepatitis b infection, last part 6 of 6. Sirosis hati adalah tahap paling akhir dari seluruh tipe penyakit hati kronik. Viral hepatitis an introduction hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by several very different viruses. Laporan kasus sirosis hepatis, diana linkedin slideshare. Alcoholic liver disease ald is a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute and chronic liver failure and as such causes significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and its management article pdf available march. Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver. Symptoms of hepatitis are universal, regardless if caused by an infectious agent or chronic condition, and can include fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice. Hepatitis a virus likelihood of secondary transmission.
Penyusunan makalah ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk melengkapi tugas bahasa indonesia dan untuk salah satu syarat untuk mengikuti ujian akhir semester mata kuliah bahasa indoneia di sekolah tinggi ilmu kesehatan stikes purna bhakti husada batusangkar program studi ilmu keperawatan. Secara morfologis, penyebab sirosis hepatis tidak dapat dipastikan. Pathophysiology and management of alcoholic liver disease. Outline progress on policy what needs to happen to improve access directacting agents daa regulatory status of indian generic daas pricing. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Sejumlah 1020% penyebabnya tidak diketahui dan termasuk disini kelompok virus yang bukan b. Patients coinfected with hiv tend to have a higher rate of chronic hepatitis b, a high rate of replication and a low rate of hbsag and eag seroconversion. Human disease and animal models arlin rogers mit division of comparative medicine be.
Hcv has been classified into a total of six genotypes type 1 to 6 on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. E hepatitis a virus hav disease occurs throughout the world but is. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to the liver goes away in about 2 months a virus that causes sickness to the liver usually goes away after several months if it does not go away, it can cause. Kesimpulan sirosis hati, stadium terakhir dari penyakit hati kronis yang manifestasi kliniknya mengenai berbagai macam sistem dan organ tubuh. Penanganannya masih merupakan masalah yang menyulitkan pengelolaan yang menyeluruh adalah hal yang terbaik. Discover hepatitis b books free 30day trial scribd. Seroprevalence and molecular characterisation of human. According to wikipedia, cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease such as hepatitis c characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrous scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules lumps that occur as a result of a process in which damaged tissue is regenerated, leading to progressive loss of liver function. Historical data were collected by trained interviewers. This test will detect the hcv virus and become positive after incubation time, so it is an important diagnostic.
Human disease and animal models mit opencourseware. Whether these two forms represent two distinct entities. Penyebab sirosis hati yang tidak diketahui dan digolongkan dalam sirosis kriptogenik. Detection, genotypes, and characterization and volume 2. These latter were excluded because coinfection with hiv and hepatitis c is known to change the natural history of hepatitis b. Taken together, hepatitis b and d protocols, volume 1. May 07, 2012 virus hepatitis d hdv atau virus delta adalah virus yang unik, yakni virus rna yang tidak lengkap, memerlukan keberadaan virus hepatitis b untuk ekspresi dan patogenisitasnya, tetapi tidak untuk replikasinya.
This virus can replicate both in liver cells and lymphocytes, hence affecting hepatic system as well as immune system. Akhirnya, suatu komplikasi lanjutan dari hepatitis yang cukup bermakna adalah perkembangan karsinoma hepatoselular. Association of seropositivity for hepatitis viruses and. Hepatitis is extremely contagious as being even near a person with it can give you the virus. The centers for disease control and prevention and the american academy of pediatrics recommend routine vaccination of all children 12 to 23 months of age, as well as certain vulnerable populations. Dec 01, 2012 hepatitis a virus does not usually result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease.
Characteristics of hepatitis b infection in a sample of. Most people fully recover on their own within a few weeks. It is spread by sexual contact or by contact with stool, urine, blood or other body. There was no evidence of association of aplastic anemia with hepatitis b or hepatitis c. Prior to the introduction of the hepatitis b vaccine into the south african expanded programme of immunisation epi in 1995, prevalence rates of this disease were 0. A prospective study was done to determine the age specific prevalence of antihepatitis a antibodies anti hav abs among children in delhi. Hepatitis b is a disease of significant health importance, as more than 2 billion persons in todays worldwide population have been infected kane. Risk factors associated with cdc reported hepatitis b cases in the united states. Transmisi pada hbv banyak terjadi lewat kontak dengan darah yang terinfeksi atau secret tubuh saliva, cairan vagina atau penggunaan bersama jarum suntik pada penyalahgunaan obat. While alcohol consumption is slightly decreasing in several european countries, it is rising in others and remains high in many countries around the world. It accounts for approximately 40% of the hepatitis cases in the united stateslarsen and larsen. Symptoms of iral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the v virus. Arabic hepatitis a pdf 182kb burmese hepatitis a pdf 128kb chinese hepatitis a pdf 294kb french hepatitis a pdf 96kb indonesian hepatitis a pdf 215kb thai hepatitis a pdf 184kb vietnamese hepatitis a pdf 283kb where to get help see your doctor. Jaundice viral hepatitis reye syndrome amebic liver abscesses.
Asites, perdarahan varises, sbp, ensepalopati hepatik, hcc. Introduction to chronic hepatitis b infection, last part 6. Infeksi virus hepatitis virus hepatitis adalah virus yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada hait. Most cases of hepatitis can be spread to other people. Have you ever had hepatitis after the age of 11 years. A total of 154 patients met the inclusion criteria. We compared the clinical and serologic features of 118 hepatitis b surface antigen carriers with hepatitis b e antibody antihbe followed up for 310 yr mean 6. Barubaru ini sirosis terkait hcv dan infeksi kronik telah dikaitkan pula dengan kanker hati primer. The 2018 updated guidance on chronic hepatitis b chb includes 1 updates on treatment since the 2016 hbv guidelines notably the use of tenofovir alafenamide and guidance on 2 screening, counseling, and prevention. Hepatitis b is an important public health issue in south africa sa. Hepatitis c hepatitis c virus also known as non a or non b virus found while doing experiments on chimpanzees.
Postnecrotic cirrhosis in which there are broad bands of scar tissue as a late result of a previous bout of acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis a is diagnosed by a blood test that looks for hepatitis a antibodies. What kind of disease is caused by hepatitis a virus hav. The sexual transmission of hepatitis a is mostly found in msm, linked to oroanal contact. Sirosis hepatis free download as powerpoint presentation. Biliary cirrhosis in which scarring occurs in the liver around the bile ducts. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic. Sirosis hepatis desember 10, 2008 dosen sirosis hepatis sirosis hepatis adalah penyakit berat yang dapat.
Patofisiologi hati sirosis, jaundice dan hepatitis scribd. Can people with hepatitis a pass the illness to others. Hepatitis following halothane anaesthesia may take two forms. Hepatitis b is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Access to hepatitis c treatment virology education. Neoplasma benign dan malignant hati ikterus adalah penimbunan pigmen empedu dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan warna kuning pada jaringan 1,5 mg100 ml penimbunan pada jaringan elastik kulit, membran mukosa sklera, dan urine 23 mg100ml normal 0,20,9 mg100 ml. Doengoes 1999 sirosis hepatis adalah penyakit hati menahun yang difus, ditandai dengan adanya pembentukan jaringan ikat disertai nodul fkui, 1996. The severity of hepatitis a is multifactorial, with age, gender, and drug toxicity. Carey, individually and as governor of the state of new york, united states of america, amicus curiae. Pasien dalam keadaan kompensasi hati yang cukup baik memerlukan istirahat yang cukup, makanan yang adekuat dan seimbang.
Sirosis portal laennec alkoholik nutrisional, dimana jaringan parut secara khas mengelilingi daerah portal. Sera from a subset of cases n 177 and controls n 183 were tested for antibodies to hepatitis viruses a, b, and c and hepatitis b surface antigen. Guideline south african guideline for the management of. Hcv hepatitis c virus the hcv is a small, enveloped, singlestranded, positivesense rna virus. Dari data yang ada di indonesia virus hepatitis b menyebabkan sirosis 4050% kasus, sedangkan hepatitis c dalam 3040%.
Sering pula dapat memicu terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah tinggi akibat pembuluh darah paru, suatu kondisi yang disebut hipertensi pulmonar dimana dapat memicu terjadinya sesak nafas dan kematian dini. Hepatitis d mempercepat sirosis hati melalui koinfeksi. Symptoms lack of energy loss of appetite unusual shade of pee pain around the liver area nausea fever yellowing of the skin muscle pain drinking or the consumption of contaminated water. Hepatitis b adalah infeksi hati yang disebabkan virus hepatitis b. Sirosis pasca nekrotik, dimana terdapat pita jaringan parut yang lebar sebagai akibat lanjut dari virus hepatitis yang terjadi sebelumnya. Adapun judul dari makalaah ini jenis jenis dan cara pencegahan penyakit hepatitis. Hepatitis a virus hav constitutes the principal etiological agent of acute hepatitis throughout the world, causing substantial morbidity in both developed and developing countries. Sirosis terjadi tergantung pada seberapa sering seseorang minum alkohol. Molecular hcv test looks for the hcv virus itself often called an hcv rna or viral load. Hepatitis a is a selflimiting disease with an incubation period of 26 weeks after which the virus causes inflamation of the liver and then it takes 26 weeks for the jaundice to go. The hepatitis a vaccine will only provide protection against the hepatitis a virus.
Overview of the histopathology of chronic hepatitis b. Review of hepatitis b for the clinical laboratory scientist. Sirosis hepatis adalah penyakit hati yang di karakteriskan oleh gangguan struktur dan perubahan degenerasi gangguan fungsi selular dan selanjutnya aliran darah ke hati. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and its management article pdf. Lemak antara 30% 40 % jumlah kalori dan sisanya adalah hidrat arang. Immunology, model systems, and clinical studies offer both new and experienced investigators an encyclopedic collection of powerful tools for studying hbv and hdv infections, as well as an essential resource for finding new therapies. Learn from hepatitis b experts like scribd government docs and frontiers. Hepatitis has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruses are the most common cause. Hepatitis a is more common in young children than it is in older people. Dapat ditularkkan melalui selaput mukosa,hubungan seksual atau darah parenteral. Hepatitis a virus does not usually result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. Pencegahan terhadap hepatitis virus ini adalah sangat penting karena sampai saat ini belum ada obat yang dapat membunuh virus, sehingga satusatunya jalan untuk mencegah hepatitis virus adalah dengan vaksinasi, tetapi pada saat ini baru ada vaksin hepatitis b saja, karena memang hepatitis b sajalah yang paling banyak diselidiki baik mengenai. Dua faktor penyebab utama yang dikaitkan dengan patogenesisnya adalah infeksi hbv kronik dan sirosis terkait.
Sirosis campuran kombinasi antara mikronoduler dan makronoduler. The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Virus hepatitis b adalah virus dna yang berlapis ganda double shelled dengan diameter 42 nm, termasuk famili hepadnaviridae. Sirosis hati adalah penyakit hati menahun yang ditandai dengan proses. Viral hepatitis hepatitis is a disease of the liver most often caused by a virus. Hepatitis virus terutama tipe b sering disebut sebagai salah satu penyebab chirrosis hati, apalagi setelah penemuan australian antigen oleh blumberg. Read hepatitis b books like new york state association for retarded children, inc. Access to hepatitis c treatment giten khwairakpam treat asiaamfar asia pacific aids and coinfections conference june 2017. Genotype 1 and 4 has a poorer prognosis and response to interferon therapy. It is transmitted like hepatitis b, and in fact a person must have been coinfected with hepatitis b before contracting hepatitis d. Four hundred and twenty children aged 012 years attending.
Hepatitis c and cirrhosis living with liver cirrhosis. Chronicity time period clinically or concomitant healing and repair pathogenetically, viral etiology current knowledge identifies hepatitis b with or without hepatitis d and hepatitis c as the causative agents, and hepatitis indicating necrosis and inflammation of the liver. There are other types of hepatitis, such as hepatitis b and hepatitis c. Symptoms lack of energy loss of appetite unusual shade of pee pain around the liver area nausea fever yellowing of the skin muscle pain drinking or. No specific medications, including antibiotics, are used to treat hepatitis a. Darah vena dari pengeluaran saluran gastrointestinal terdiri dari nutrien pada. Klasifikasi child sirosis hepatis dalam terminologi cadangan fungsi hati tarigan, 1997 i ii. Hcvhepatitis c virus the hcv is a small, enveloped, singlestranded, positivesense rna virus. Pengobatan untuk sirosis dekompensata adalah sebagai berikut.
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